Private Use Areas - Knowledge (XXH) (2024)

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not explicitly ruled out by the principles of Unicode, and may show up eventually (such as the Star Trek and Tolkien writing systems). In other cases, the proposed encoding violates one or more Unicode principles and hence is unlikely to ever be officially recognized by Unicode—mostly where users want to directly encode alternate forms, ligatures, or base-character-plus-diacritic combinations (such as the TUNE scheme).

4004:

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77:). The code points in these areas cannot be considered as standardized characters in Unicode itself. They are intentionally left undefined so that third parties may define their own characters without conflicting with Unicode Consortium assignments. Under the Unicode Stability Policy, the Private Use Areas will remain allocated for that purpose in all future Unicode versions.81:

use of the private-use characters (e.g. a graphics character for a "print document" function). By definition, multiple private parties may assign different characters to the same code point, with the consequence that a user may see one private character from an installed font where a different one was intended.

1346:

The concept of reserving specific code points for Private Use is based on similar earlier usage in other character sets. In particular, many otherwise obsolete characters in East Asian scripts continue to be used in specific names or other situations, and so some character sets for those scripts made

781:

Some agreed-upon PUA character collections exist in part or whole because the Unicode Consortium is in no hurry to encode them. Some, such as unrepresented languages, are likely to end up encoded in the future. Some unusual cases such as fictional languages are outside the usual scope of Unicode but

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found in medieval texts written in the Latin alphabet. The express purpose of MUFI is to experimentally determine which characters are necessary to represent these texts, and to have those characters officially encoded in Unicode. As of Unicode version 5.1, 152 MUFI characters have been incorporated

720:

Many people and institutions have created character collections for the PUA. Some of these private use agreements are published, so other PUA implementers can aim for unused or less-used code points to prevent overlaps. Several characters and scripts previously encoded in private use agreements have

80:

Assignments to Private Use Area characters need not be private in the sense of strictly internal to an organisation; a number of assignment schemes have been published by several organisations. Such publication may include a font that supports the definition (showing the glyphs), and software making

974:

Informally, the range U+F000 through U+F8FF is known as the Corporate Use Area. This originates from early versions of Unicode, which defined an "End User Zone" extending from U+E000 upward and a "Corporate Use Zone" extending from U+F8FF downward, with the boundary between the two left undefined.

101:

Private-use characters are assigned Unicode code points whose interpretation is not specified by this standard and whose use may be determined by private agreement among cooperating users. These characters are designated for private use and do not have defined, interpretable semantics except by

707:(i.e. U+E00000 through U+FFFFFF and U+60000000 through U+7FFFFFFF) were also designated as private use. These ranges were removed from the specified private-use ranges when the UCS was restricted to the seventeen planes reachable in UTF-16.1044:

In old versions of its RichEdit component, Microsoft mapped U+F020–U+F0FF within the PUA to symbol fonts. For any character in this range, RichEdit would show a character from a symbol font instead of the end-user-defined character

1766:"Character Sets: East Asian Characters: Alternative Unicode Mappings for MARC 21 Characters Assigned to the Private Use Area (PUA): MARC 21 Specifications for Record Structure, Character Sets, and Exchange Media"2274:

IBM has designated 195 positions from U+F83D to U+F8FF for use as IBM Corporate-zone and intends to use them consistently within IBM whenever there is a need to maintain the round-trip integrity of IBM

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151:

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lists a range of 1,280 characters in its developer documentation from U+F400–U+F8FF within the PUA for Apple's use. Of those, only 311 are used, in the range U+F700–U+F8FF (

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is an encoding for picture characters or emoticons used in Japanese wireless messages and webpages. With Unicode 6.0 and later, many of these have been encoded in the block

684:

In Unicode 1.0.0, the private use area extended from U+E800 to U+FDFF (i.e. did not include U+E000..E7FF, but additionally included the U+F900..FDFF range now occupied by

1997:

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2088:

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Planes 15 and 16 are almost entirely assigned to two further Private Use Areas, Supplementary Private Use Area-A and Supplementary Private Use Area-B respectively. In

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1415:, have seen uncontrolled variants of these encodings evolve. For Unicode, software companies can use the Private Use Areas for their desired additions.108:

No charts are provided for private-use characters, as any such characters are, by their very nature, defined only outside the context of this standard.

696:). This was changed to U+E000..F8FF in Unicode 1.0.1, and remained so in Unicode 1.1. Contrary to misconception, the range U+D800..DFFF (reserved for89:

Under the Unicode definition, code points in the Private Use Areas are assigned characters—they are not noncharacters, reserved, or unassigned. Their

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uses the PUA to provide a comprehensive font set of mathematical symbols and alphabets, many of which are also available in the SMP now, e.g. in the

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728:(CSUR). The CSUR, which is not officially endorsed or associated with the Unicode Consortium, provides a mapping for constructed scripts, such as2776:

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use the PUA to provisionally encode characters not found in Unicode standards at the time of publication (most have been encoded since then).

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97:", and no character names are specified. No representative glyphs are provided, and character semantics are left to private agreement.2586:

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in certain Japanese encodings). The Unicode standard references these uses under the name "End User Character Definition" (EUCD).

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1976:"The range of characters between U+F020 and U+F0FF in the Private Use Area of Unicode is mapped to symbol fonts in Richedit 4.1"1719:

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GB/T 20542-2006 ("Tibetan Coded Character Set Extension A") and GB/T 22238-2008 ("Tibetan Coded Character Set Extension B") are

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2005:

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Corporate PUA uses the PUA to encode characters used in minority languages that have not yet been accepted into Unicode.

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1033:'s defunct Services For Macintosh feature used U+F001 through U+F029 as replacements for special characters allowed in3973:

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1715:

693:

125:

2189:"Anhang 2. Der Lotus Multibyte Zeichensatz (LMBCS)" [Appendix 2. The Lotus Multibyte Character Set (LMBCS)].1841:

465:: Version 1.0.1 moved and expanded the Private Use Area block (previously located at U+E800-U+FDFF in version 1.0.0).1975:

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1941:

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encodes these characters using codepoints from the block High Private Use Surrogates (U+DB80..U+DBFF) in the BMP.

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actually been fully encoded in Unicode, necessitating mappings from the PUA to other Unicode code points.

1255:) respectively. Additionally, when UTF-16 codes are embedded in LMBCS, the UTF-16 codes corresponding to926:

that largely follows Michael Everson's 2001-03-07 Tengwar discussion paper, but diverges in some details.

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a subset of the high surrogates (U+DB80..U+DBFF) is used for these and only these planes, and are called

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unicode.nam: Allow the Unicode characters to be specified using either the IBM or PostScript like names

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1435:. The remaining 65,534 characters of each of planes 15 and 16 are assigned as private-use characters.1316:

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surrogates since Unicode 2.0) was not included in the private use range of any Unicode 1.x version.

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In the Basic Multilingual Plane (plane 0), the block titled Private Use Area has 6400 code points.

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2085:"Powerline status line plugin question on Stack Exchange mentioning private use area characters"268:

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2136:"Proposal to add additional characters into the Graphics for Legacy Computing block of the UCS"2109:

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uses the PUA to encode Latin and Cyrillic precomposed characters that have no Unicode encoding.

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2135:

1868:"CORPCHAR.TXT - Registry (external version) of Apple use of Unicode corporate-zone characters"1634:

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937:

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599:

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304:

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uses the PUA (U+F001 and U+F002) to encode duplicates of the ligatures fi (U+FB01) fl (U+FB02).

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uses the PUA to encode East Asian characters present in MARC-8 that have no Unicode encoding.

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1228:

1192:

980:

759:

755:

609:

505:

388:

1619:

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769:(MUFI). This project is attempting to support all of the scribal abbreviations, ligatures,3951:

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3724:

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Encodings which do not have private use areas but have more or less unused areas, such as

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856:

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Historically, planes E0 (224) through FF (255), and groups 60 (96) though 7F (127) of the

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66:

58:

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2027:"Comment #8: Bug #651606 (circle-of-friends): Bugs: Ubuntu Font Family"1671:

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One of the more well-known and broadly implemented PUA agreements is maintained by the

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The area shown in the chart above represents only 254 bytes of row FF in plane 0F.

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The area shown in the chart above represents only 254 bytes of row FF in plane 0F.

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which corresponds to an Apple logo, possibly for compatibility with Apple fonts.

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2444:"Map (external version) from Mac OS Japanese encoding to Unicode 2.1 and later"30:

This article is about the Unicode PUA range of codepoints. For other uses, see

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1290:(IBM AFP PUA No. 1) for plane 15 with IBM allocations in U+FFF00–U+FFFFD, and1159:

1002:

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50:

663:

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1963:] using the SFM (Services for Macintosh) private use Unicode characters.1900:

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translates characters in filenames that are allowed on Unix but invalid for

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559:

451:

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alphabets, which have all been accepted for official encoding in Unicode.

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2110:"Pictures showing private use area characters in Powerline patched fonts"1983:

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allowance for private-use characters (such as the user-defined planes of

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901:

813:

1294:(IBM default PUA) for the BMP PUA with IBM allocations in U+F83D–U+F8FF.1223:) in the Private Use Area for symbols not defined in Unicode. Of these,954:

The Tamil Unicode New Encoding (TUNE) is a proposed scheme for encoding

740:(J.R.R. Tolkien's cursive and runic scripts), Alexander Melville Bell's3633:

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3135:

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1167:

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733:

38:

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2316:"Configure character mapping for SMB file name translation on volumes"1104:

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is a numeral succession starting at 13 or 18 in some video games like

958:

that overcomes perceived deficiencies in the current Unicode encoding.

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2056:"Comment #2: Bug #853855: Bugs: Ubuntu Font Family"1312:

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930:

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231:

121:

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contains two codes intended for private use "control functions" by

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3255:

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1842:"NSOpenStepUnicodeReservedBase - Apple Developer Documentation"1566:

2366:. §8.2.14 Miscellaneous control functions, §8.3.100, §8.3.101.2287:

2265:

2197:] (in German) (1ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts, US:1959:

1181:

1267:, since LMBCS is designed to not contain embedded null bytes.53:

that, by definition, will not be assigned characters by the

1176:(LMBCS), the encoding and character set internally used by2464:

280:

The Unicode Standard, Section 23.5: Private-Use Characters

1431:

The last two characters of every plane are defined to be

1096:

with a superscripted "Circle Of Friends" (this itself is

290:

Code points U+FFFFE, U+FFFFF, U+10FFFE, and U+10FFFF are

1957:

Invalid NTFS filename characters are encodeded [

1816:"Unicode Corporate Use Subarea as used by Adobe Systems"1712:"Necessary changes for ISO/IEC 10646 regarding the PUA"2430:

The Unicode Standard Version 14.0 - Core Specification

1920:"SFM Converts Macintosh HFS Filenames to NTFS Unicode"1508:

The Unicode Standard Version 14.0 - Core Specification

4039:

Articles with unsupported Private Use Area characters

1457:"Glossary of Unicode Terms: "Private Use Area (PUA)""1263:

are substituted for UTF-16 codes which would contain

130:

1203:

as well as a number of third-party products such as

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1325:'s Chirp font provides some additional icons, like657:

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384:

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364:

359:

1998:"Handling of PUA Characters in Microsoft Software"765:Another common PUA agreement is maintained by the308:: Unicode has not published identifying names for57:. Three private use areas are defined: one in the1396:but defines them as control characters (category1147:, uses U+E0A0–U+E0A2 and U+E0B0–U+E0B3 for extra1140:icon font uses the PUA to display various glyphs.1088:is displayed as the "Circle Of Friends" logo and1501:"Chapter 23 Special Areas and Format Characters"2241:REGISTRY: Graphic Character Sets and Code Pages2220:REGISTRY: Graphic Character Sets and Code Pages1519:

1517:

894:that use the PUA to encode precomposed Tibetan750:. The CSUR previously encoded the undeciphered1495:

1493:

1491:

1342:Private-use characters in other character sets967:"U+F8FF" redirects here. For the company, see2480:

2361:"Standard ECMA-48, Fifth Edition - June 1991"1596:"Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard"1590:

1588:

1586:

1475:"Unicode Character Encoding Stability Policy"1053:uses U+F8FC–U+F8FE for ⌀ (diameter sign), ± (322:The two Private Use Planes (Planes 15 and 16)145:

8:

1019:, generally supported by Apple's 8-bit sets.807:Artificial and some ancient/medieval scripts2407:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (1627:The Unicode Standard, Version 1.0, Volume 11333:which corresponds to the Twitter bird, and983:used to use the PUA for some of its glyphs.3947:Cultural, political, and religious symbols3035:

2721:

2582:

2487:

2473:

2465:

1896:"WGL4 Unicode Range U+2013 through U+FB02"1297:The file system found in Windows uses the152:

138:

65:), and one each in, and nearly covering,2301:OS/2 Codepage and Keyboard Display Tools2262:IBM Globalization: Code page identifiers2195:Lotus 1-2-3 Version 3.1 Reference Manual2191:Lotus 1-2-3 Version 3.1 Referenzhandbuch1666:

1664:

1400:), not private-use characters (category1329:which corresponds to a left down arrow,784:

27:Purposely unassigned Unicode code points2515:ISO/IEC 10646 (Universal Character Set)1561:

1559:

1557:

1555:

1448:

1424:

351:There are three PUA blocks in Unicode.261:

2400:

2201:. 1989. pp.A2–1 – A2–13. 302168.577:

473:

356:

1060:Some fonts place the Windows logo at881:Miscellaneous Symbols And Pictographs324:, while the PUA block names used are7:

3016:International Components for Unicode2965:Common Locale Data Repository (CLDR)2383:C1 Control Character Set of ISO 64291143:Powerline, a status line plugin for778:into the official Unicode encoding.1926:. February 24, 2014. Archived from1793:. tunerfc.tn.nic.in. Archived from1768:. Library of Congress. 2004-09-02.1057:) and ° (degree sign) respectively.3962:Mathematical operators and symbols1818:. October 22, 1998. Archived from922:uses a different mapping from the913:Institute of the Estonian Language168:Definition by character property:25:

1679:The Unicode Standard, Version 1.11376:(PU2). Unicode includes these at949:Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols32:Private use area (disambiguation)4003:

4002:

3992:

3991:

3974:Phonetic symbols (including IPA)2423:"Chapter 4 Character Properties"2237:"CPGID 01445: IBM AFP PUA No. 1"1041:, and U+F02A for the Apple logo.767:Medieval Unicode Font Initiative732:and Ferengi script (Star Trek),581:Supplementary Private Use Area-B477:Supplementary Private Use Area-A248:Supplementary Private Use Area-B223:Supplementary Private Use Area-A2450:from the original on 2021-08-312171:from the original on 2022-01-252116:from the original on 2015-05-112091:from the original on 2015-03-122066:from the original on 2020-10-172037:from the original on 2020-10-171948:from the original on 2018-08-071877:from the original on 2020-10-301848:from the original on 2020-11-061772:from the original on 2013-08-191747:from the original on 2018-05-211722:from the original on 2021-06-231692:from the original on 2021-11-201650:from the original on 2021-10-211541:from the original on 2016-07-02744:, and Dr. Seuss' alphabet from716:Standardization initiative uses2258:"CPGID 01449: IBM default PUA"1866:Apple Computer, Inc. (2005) .1227:is known to be reserved for a1174:Lotus Multi-Byte Character Set1:

2949:International Ideographs Core2759:International Ideographs Core2700:Alias names and abbreviations2199:Lotus Development Corporation1672:"2.0: Changes in Unicode 1.0"705:Universal Coded Character Set690:Alphabetic Presentation Forms294:, not private-use characters.3171:CJK Unified Ideographs (Han)3021:People involved with Unicode2004:. 2003-04-25. Archived from1567:"Unicode character database"1015:One of these is U+F8FF, the861:Ancient and medieval scripts686:CJK Compatibility Ideographs754:characters, as well as the694:Arabic Presentation Forms-A126:High Private Use Surrogates4057:

3011:Ideographic Research Group3006:ConScript Unicode Registry1633:. 1991. pp.118–119.1319:clients to PUA characters.1282:for the generic plane 16,1278:for the generic plane 15,966:

924:ConScript Unicode Registry892:Chinese national standards726:ConScript Unicode Registry161:Unicode: Private Use Areas29:

3987:

3034:

2891:Regional indicator symbol2600:Combining grapheme joiner2243:. 2012 . C-H 3-3220-050.2222:. 2012 . C-H 3-3220-050.2134:Li, Renzhi (2019-08-23).1510:. Private Use characters.1286:for the generic BMP PUA,1170:logo (the dinosaur head).920:Free Tengwar Font Project773:, symbols, and alternate669:

662:

653:

638:

565:

558:

549:

534:

461:

450:

441:

415:

256:

230:

167:

133:

4009:Category: Unicode blocks2849:Compatibility characters1980:Microsoft Knowledge Base1685:. pp.3–4. UTR #4.1207:, uses some characters (59:Basic Multilingual Plane2769:Comparison of encodings2695:Halfwidth and fullwidth2550:Universal Character Set1620:"3.5: Private Use Area"841:Phonetics and languages788:Publishing organization634:Unicode version history627:0 reserved code points575:Unicode character block530:Unicode version history523:0 reserved code points471:Unicode character block411:Unicode version history354:Unicode character block95:Other, private use (Co)75:U+100000–U+10FFFD3669:Inscriptional Parthian3366:Nyiakeng Puachue Hmong3043:and symbols in Unicode2660:CJK Unified Ideographs1710:Whistler, Ken (2000).1149:box-drawing characters810:PUA (BMP) and Plane 15771:precomposed characters406:0 reserved code points110:

3805:Old Persian cuneiform3664:Inscriptional Pahlavi3559:Ancient North Arabian3554:Anatolian hieroglyphs2869:Precomposed character2705:Whitespace characters2634:Zero-width non-joiner2213:"CPGID 01445 (chart)"2062:. 26 September 2011.1270:IBM reserved several1239:were later mapped to883:and elsewhere in the446:Unicode documentation185:Number of code points99:

71:U+F0000–U+FFFFD18:Private Use (Unicode)3624:Egyptian hieroglyphs2854:Duplicate characters2670:Duplicate characters2337:"Twitter Chirp Font"1600:The Unicode Standard1571:The Unicode Standard1532:The Unicode Standard1394:<control-0092>1384:<control-0091>1274:for PUA code pages:1166:is displayed as the868:TITUS Cyberbit Basic591:(65,536 code points)487:(65,536 code points)3689:Khitan small script3151:Canadian Aboriginal2886:Variation sequences2844:Combining character2754:Variation sequences2665:Combining character1791:"tunerfc.tn.nic.in"1231:symbol ("Kr"), and1092:is "ubuntu" in the370:(6,400 code points)333:Supplementary PUA-B327:Supplementary PUA-A170:General Category=Co102:private agreement.63:U+E000–U+F8FF3919:Notational scripts3880:Tagalog (Baybayin)3589:Caucasian Albanian2937:numeric references2912:Domain names (IDN)2732:Bidirectional text2609:Right-to-left mark2605:Left-to-right mark2560:Character property2510:Unicode Consortium2033:. 5 October 2010.1822:on October 9, 20021683:Unicode Consortium1631:Unicode Consortium1461:Unicode Consortium1360:Additionally, the1307:special characters1107:font includes the945:STIX Fonts project619:65,534 code points589:U+100000..U+10FFFF515:65,534 code points347:Unicode PUA blocks239:U+100000..U+10FFFD55:Unicode Consortium4021:

4020:

4017:

4016:

3998:Category: Unicode3070:Punctuation marks3052:inherited scripts2958:Related standards2932:entity references2830:

2829:

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